Long Island Improved Brussels Sprouts

Brussels sprouts prefer a fertile, well-draining soil with a pH of 6.0-7.0. The soil should be enriched with organic matter and a balanced fertilizer before planting. Brussels sprouts require full sun, meaning at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day, for optimal growth and yield. They can tolerate some shade, but too much shade can result in poor growth and smaller sprouts. It's important to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged, and to provide adequate spacing between plants to promote good air circulation and prevent disease. Proper soil and sunlight conditions are essential for growing healthy and productive Brussels sprouts.

To sow Brussels sprouts seeds, fill seed starting trays or containers with a sterile seed starting mix. Sow the seeds about 1/4 inch deep and 2-3 inches apart. Water the soil gently to ensure good seed-to-soil contact. Cover the containers with plastic wrap or a clear plastic dome to create a greenhouse effect and keep the soil moist. Place the containers in a warm, bright location, such as a sunny windowsill or under grow lights. Once the seedlings have emerged, remove the plastic covering and keep the soil consistently moist. When the seedlings have at least two sets of true leaves, they are ready to be transplanted into the garden.

To transplant Brussels sprouts, wait until the seedlings are 4-6 weeks old and have at least two sets of true leaves. Dig holes in the prepared soil about 18 inches apart and deep enough to accommodate the root balls of the seedlings. Gently remove the seedlings from their containers, being careful not to damage the roots, and place them in the holes. Backfill the holes with soil and water the plants thoroughly. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged and provide shade as needed for the first few days to prevent transplant shock.

Insect Pests

Very young direct-seeded plants are susceptible to flea beetles. Otherwise, the predominant threat to Brussels sprouts is the cabbage moth caterpillar. Floating row covers and biological controls like Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are very effective at controlling caterpillar damage.

Diseases & Other Problems

Brussels sprouts are vulnerable to several fungal and bacterial diseases, including clubroot, black rot, downy mildew, and alternaria leaf spot. These diseases can cause stunted growth, yellowing of leaves, wilting, and premature death of the plant. To prevent the spread of disease, it's important to practice good garden sanitation and crop rotation, as well as avoid overhead watering and provide adequate spacing between plants to promote good air circulation. Application of fungicides or bactericides may also be necessary in severe cases, but prevention and early intervention are the most effective strategies for managing these diseases.

To harvest brussels sprouts, begin at the bottom of the stem and pick the sprouts when they reach a diameter of about 1 to 1 1/2 inches. The sprouts at the top of the stem will mature later, so you can continue harvesting them as they reach the appropriate size. Brussels sprouts can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 2 weeks. To store them, remove any yellowed or damaged outer leaves and place the sprouts in a plastic bag or airtight container. You can also blanch and freeze brussels sprouts for longer storage.

CONSIDERATIONS:

As Brussels sprouts are outcrossing plants, it is necessary isolate the plants in order to prevent cross-pollination with other related plants such as cauliflower, cabbage, and kale. Cross-pollination can result in undesirable traits in the offspring, affecting their taste, texture, and appearance. To prevent cross-pollination, you can either plant different crops in separate areas or use physical barriers such as nets or cages to protect the plants (pollinators will need to be introduced in this scenario). Brussels sprouts are also biennial plants that require a vernalization, or cooling period, to initiate flowering. Therefore plants must be dug and brought indoors in climates with harsh winters. Once replanted in the spring, plants will begin to develop flowers that eventually give way to siliques, the seed-bearing structures of the oleracea plants.

HARVESTING SEED:

To harvest Brussels sprouts seeds, allow the plant to fully mature and form seed pods. The seed pods will turn brown and dry when they are ready for harvesting. Cut the seed stalks from the plant and place them in a dry and well-ventilated area for further drying, until the pods split open and release the seeds. Once the seeds are fully dried, separate them from the pods and store them in a cool and dry place until you are ready to plant them.

SEED LONGETIVITY:

Brussels sprouts seeds can remain viable for up to 5 years if stored properly in a cool, dry, and dark place.